The long-chain omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA have been shown to have many beneficial effects on health during our entire life, from before we are born until we end our life.
Omega-3 in early years
Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids appear to be important for us right from the start, or one could actually say, before we are conceived. DHA is even important before we are born; sperms contain high concentrations of it . The grey matter in the brain has a high content of DHA, and the same goes for the rods and cones in the eye retina. The foetus and the newborn baby cannot produce DHA in sufficient amounts and DHA is therefore essential for both the foetus and the newborn baby. The foetus and the baby needs DHA for normal growth and development of brain, central nervous system and the eye retina.
The fatty acids are transferred from the mother to the foetus during pregnancy and accumulate in the foetus, particularly during the last trimester. Premature babies are thereby vulnerable to omega-3 deficiencies. DHA is found in the breast milk of the mother and is also added to infant formula.
Pregnant and nursing women
The mothers need for Omega-3s is doubled during pregnancy and the breast feeding period. Women who plans their pregnancy should pay attention to their intake of Omega-3.
Children and young people
During the first two years of life Omega-3 fatty acids are accumulated in the brain and the central nerveous system, which has significant influence on the child’s development and growth. Some studies indicate that Omega-3s can improve concentration and skills for children with learning disabilities. Recent research is also looking at the link between ADHD (Attention Deficiency Hyperactivity Disorder) and Omega-3 intake. However, more research is needed to understand the mechanisms influencing these diseases.
Adulthood
When we grow older, EPA is important for regulation of inflammatory processes in our bodies. Furthermore, DHA is crucial in the optimal function of brain, nervous system and vision. Omega-3s have substantial effect on heart and cardiovascular function (contribute to reducing triglycerides, reducing the risk of a blood clot blocking an artery, reducing arrythmia risk, improving inflammatory conditions and reducing blood pressure). Omega-3s have also a positive effect on joints and skin.